{"id":19752,"date":"2025-02-08T20:30:15","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T19:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novustat.com\/statistics-glossary\/continuous-outcome-equivalence-trial.html"},"modified":"2026-09-02T09:02:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T07:02:02","slug":"continuous-outcome-equivalence-trial","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/novustat.com\/en\/statistics-glossary\/continuous-outcome-equivalence-trial.html","title":{"rendered":"Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div id=\"content\" role=\"main\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"19752\" class=\"elementor elementor-19752 elementor-19733\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24b3e1a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"24b3e1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a8a2c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9a8a2c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:200}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd3f52c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cd3f52c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"novu-blog-branding\" class=\"novu-blog-branding\" aria-label=\"NOVUSTAT Statistik Glossar\">\n\n  <img class=\"novu-blog-branding__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Novustat_Logo_Blau1.png\" alt=\"NOVUSTAT\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n\n  <span class=\"novu-blog-branding__divider\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\n  <div class=\"novu-blog-branding__label\">\n    <span class=\"novu-blog-branding__label-main\">STATISTICS<\/span>\n    <span class=\"novu-blog-branding__label-accent\">GLOSSARY<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-037de55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"037de55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"novu-glossar-divider-row\" aria-label=\"Glossarbegriff Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial\"><div class=\"novu-blog-divider\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"novu-glossar-divider-row__context\"><span class=\"novu-glossar-divider-row__short-line\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"novu-glossar-divider-row__title\">Equivalence (continuous)<\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b55de2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b55de2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd73a88 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd73a88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>A<a href=\"#online-tool\"> <em>Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial<\/em><\/a> is a clinical trial method that aims to show that two treatments can be considered equivalent in terms of a continuous outcome. Continuous results such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels or pain scale scores are precisely recorded on a scale. <\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong><strong><strong>Novustat is your experienced partner and advises you on all aspects of statistics, from <a href=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/en\/data-analysis.html\">data analysis<\/a> to the <a href=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/statistische-beratung\/interpretation-statistik.html\">interpretation of results<\/a>, and helps you to gain maximum insight from your data sets. Contact us without obligation for further information! <\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-162b1b7 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"162b1b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9b53ae elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d9b53ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Goal and concept<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0cd48 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d0cd48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The aim of an <em>equivalence trial<\/em> is to prove that the difference between the two treatment groups is within a predefined equivalence limit. In contrast to superiority trials, which are designed to show the superior efficacy of a new treatment, and non-inferiority trials, which test for acceptable inferiority, this study examines whether the treatments are clinically comparable. The aim is to find no relevant advantage or disadvantage between the treatments.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dec78ed elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"dec78ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae275b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ae275b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Free online <a id=\"online-tool\"><\/a>calculators for determining sample size<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffb2b1b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffb2b1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Use our online calculator to quickly and easily determine the required sample size for your equivalence study with continuous data.<br><br><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b10bd77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b10bd77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"novu-glossary-calculator\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Online-Rechner zur Stichprobengr\u00f6ssenplanung\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/novustat-statistik.shinyapps.io\/shiny-app-out-equiva\/\" id=\"online-tool\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f3c395 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f3c395\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/statistik-blog\/klinische-studien-aequivalenz-nichtunterlegenheit.html#ergebnistypen\">Back to other tools<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4509cf elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c4509cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69d1053 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69d1053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Calculating the sample size<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2d80fb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2d80fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>Calculating the sample size is a crucial step in ensuring sufficient statistical power. This involves defining the equivalence margin, which specifies the maximum acceptable difference between the groups. With our online calculator, you can quickly and accurately determine the sample size to achieve valid and reliable results.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b9164a elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4b9164a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b8729c elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b8729c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application and requirements<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22288de elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22288de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>A typical example of a <em>Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial<\/em> is the comparison of two drugs for lowering blood pressure, in which the mean reduction in systolic blood pressure is examined. If the difference between the drugs is within 3 mmHg, the study proves equivalence. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Conducting such a study requires careful planning, especially when determining the equivalence limits. In addition, a sound statistical analysis is necessary in order to avoid distortions and misinterpretations. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c070249 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c070249\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a1e8fc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a1e8fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guidelines for calculating sample size for equivalence studies with continuous outcomes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3268d99 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3268d99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/statistik-blog\/tag\/stichprobenumfang\">sample size<\/a> is calculated based on the standard deviation of the results, the equivalence limits, the significance level, and the statistical power. These factors ensure that the study yields meaningful results. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe00c3b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe00c3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Significance level (alpha)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1270d65 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1270d65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The <strong>significance level (\u03b1)<\/strong> indicates the probability with which a difference between the groups is falsely recognized as significant; usually an alpha of 0.05 is used, which means a 5% risk of a first type error.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f64fec elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f64fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Power (1-Beta)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c106fcd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c106fcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The<strong> power (1-\u03b2)<\/strong> of a study indicates how likely it is that the equivalence will be correctly established. A power of 90% ensures that the probability of a second type of error is low. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341fa22 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"341fa22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Standard deviation (\u03c3)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea733d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ea733d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/statistik-blog\/tag\/standardabweichung-interpretation\">standard deviation (\u03c3\u03c3)<\/a> <\/strong>indicates the variability of the measured values within each group. A high degree of variation in the results requires a larger sample size to obtain valid results. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5c877b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5c877b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equivalence limit (\u0394)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6cbd45 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6cbd45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The equivalence limit (\u0394\u0394) defines the maximum acceptable difference between the two groups. For example, a difference of <strong>\u00b13 mmHg<\/strong> in blood pressure could be considered equivalent. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e222601 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e222601\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Formula for calculation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfced88 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfced88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<p>The sample size is calculated using the following formula:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"novu-trial-equation\">\\[n = \\frac{2 \\cdot f(\\alpha, \\beta\/2) \\cdot \\sigma^2}{\\Delta^2}\\]<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Here, <strong>f(\u03b1, \u03b2\/2)<\/strong> represents the <strong>Z-scores<\/strong>, which are determined by the significance level and the power; <strong>\u03c3<\/strong> represents the standard deviation of the results; and <strong>\u0394<\/strong> represents the equivalence margin. This formula ensures that the sample size is large enough to demonstrate the equivalence of the treatments with a high degree of statistical certainty. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c7f1e7 e-con-full novu-r15-faq-row e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c7f1e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f5d0f3 e-con-full novu-r15-faq-intro e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f5d0f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc67f4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"bc67f4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5f5c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f5f5c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Novustat_N_Logo_Weiss_Blau1.o.b.png\" title=\"Novustat_N_Logo_White_Blue1.o.b\" alt=\"Novustat_N_Logo_White_Blue1.o.b\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-081dfe4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"081dfe4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccc6530 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ccc6530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32d7802 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"32d7802\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae53d49 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ae53d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"novu-hero-buttons-only\">\n  <div class=\"novu-hero-buttons-row\">\n\n    <a class=\"novu-hero-btn novu-hero-btn-request\" href=\"\/en\/get-free-quote.html\">\n      <span class=\"novu-hero-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"><\/path>\n          <path d=\"M22 2 15 22 11 13 2 9 22 2z\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/span>\n      <span>Request a Consultation<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n\n    <div class=\"novu-hero-call-wrap\">\n      <button class=\"novu-hero-btn novu-hero-btn-call\" type=\"button\">\n        <span class=\"novu-hero-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n            <path d=\"M22 16.92v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.18 2A19.86 19.86 0 0 1 11.19 19a19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.86 19.86 0 0 1 2.08 4.18 2 2 0 0 1 4.06 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.72c.12.91.33 1.8.63 2.65a2 2 0 0 1-.45 2.11L8 9.72a16 16 0 0 0 6.28 6.28l1.24-1.24a2 2 0 0 1 2.11-.45c.85.3 1.74.51 2.65.63A2 2 0 0 1 22 16.92z\"><\/path>\n          <\/svg>\n        <\/span>\n        <span>Call<\/span>\n      <\/button>\n\n      <div class=\"novu-hero-call-menu\">\n        <a href=\"tel:+4921199346512\">\n          <span class=\"novu-header-flag novu-header-flag--de\"><\/span>\n          <strong>+49 (0) 211 99346512<\/strong>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"tel:+41788911111\">\n          <span class=\"novu-header-flag novu-header-flag--ch\"><\/span>\n          <strong>+41 (0) 78 89 11111<\/strong>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"tel:+18885233685\">\n          <span class=\"novu-header-flag novu-header-flag--us\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/novustat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novustat-united-states-flag.png)!important\"><\/span>\n          <strong>+1 (888) 5233685<\/strong>\n        <\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28624db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28624db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:200,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebe75d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ebe75d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1\" class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1\">\n\n  <!-- =====================================================\n       FAQ 01\n       ===================================================== -->\n\n  <details class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__item\">\n\n    <summary class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question\">\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question-text\">What is a continuous outcome equivalence trial?<\/span>\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/span>\n\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <div class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__answer\"><p>The trial examines whether two treatments can be considered equivalent for a continuously measured outcome within predefined margins.<\/p><\/div>\n\n  <\/details>\n\n\n  <!-- =====================================================\n       FAQ 02\n       ===================================================== -->\n\n  <details class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__item\">\n\n    <summary class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question\">\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question-text\">Which outcomes are continuous?<\/span>\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/span>\n\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <div class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__answer\"><p>These include numerical measurements such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, weight, or scores on a pain scale.<\/p><\/div>\n\n  <\/details>\n\n\n  <!-- =====================================================\n       FAQ 03\n       ===================================================== -->\n\n  <details class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__item\">\n\n    <summary class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question\">\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question-text\">What is the equivalence margin?<\/span>\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/span>\n\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <div class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__answer\"><p>It defines the maximum acceptable difference between the groups that can still be considered clinically equivalent.<\/p><\/div>\n\n  <\/details>\n\n\n  <!-- =====================================================\n       FAQ 04\n       ===================================================== -->\n\n  <details class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__item\">\n\n    <summary class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question\">\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question-text\">What determines the required sample size?<\/span>\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/span>\n\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <div class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__answer\"><p>The main factors are the standard deviation, equivalence margin, significance level, and desired power.<\/p><\/div>\n\n  <\/details>\n\n\n  <!-- =====================================================\n       FAQ 05\n       ===================================================== -->\n\n  <details class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__item\">\n\n    <summary class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question\">\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__question-text\">Why is the standard deviation important?<\/span>\n\n      <span class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n          <path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"><\/path>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/span>\n\n    <\/summary>\n\n    <div class=\"novu-faq-glossar-v1__answer\"><p>It describes the variability of the measurements. Greater variability usually requires a larger sample.<\/p><\/div>\n\n  <\/details>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d639e9e elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d639e9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd6fca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6dd6fca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3213392 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3213392\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6486431 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6486431\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plan equivalence trials with continuous outcomes accurately.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e170bca elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e170bca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A no-obligation initial assessment of sample size and study design.<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b7a7a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85b7a7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>NOVUSTAT supports you in defining clinically justified equivalence margins, calculating sample size, and statistically analyzing continuous outcomes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e6ec3 elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9e6ec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Define margins based on evidence. Account for variability correctly. Assess equivalence with confidence.<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6671336 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6671336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"novu-hero-buttons-only\">\n  <div class=\"novu-hero-buttons-row\">\n\n    <a class=\"novu-hero-btn novu-hero-btn-request\" href=\"\/en\/get-free-quote.html\">\n      <span class=\"novu-hero-btn-inner\">\n        <span class=\"novu-hero-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n            <path d=\"M22 2 11 13\"><\/path>\n            <path d=\"M22 2 15 22 11 13 2 9 22 2z\"><\/path>\n          <\/svg>\n        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"novu-hero-btn-text\">Request a Consultation<\/span>\n      <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n\n    <a class=\"novu-hero-btn novu-hero-btn-mail\" href=\"&#109;&#x61;&#105;&#x6c;&#116;&#x6f;&#58;&#x69;&#110;&#x66;&#111;&#x40;n&#x6f;v&#x75;s&#x74;a&#x74;&#46;&#x63;o&#109;\">\n      <span class=\"novu-hero-btn-inner\">\n        <span class=\"novu-hero-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n          <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n            <rect x=\"3\" y=\"5\" width=\"18\" height=\"14\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"><\/rect>\n            <path d=\"M3 7l9 6 9-6\"><\/path>\n          <\/svg>\n        <\/span>\n        <span class=\"novu-hero-btn-text\">Email Us<\/span>\n      <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd56839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"dd56839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div\n  id=\"novu-cta-phone-row\"\n  class=\"novu-cta-phone-row\"\n  aria-label=\"NOVUSTAT Telefonnummern\"\n>\n\n  <div class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__item novu-cta-phone-row__item--de\">\n\n    <div\n      class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__flag novu-cta-phone-row__flag--de\"\n      role=\"img\"\n      aria-label=\"Deutschland\"\n    ><\/div>\n\n    <a\n      class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__number\"\n      href=\"tel:+4921199346512\"\n      aria-label=\"NOVUSTAT Deutschland anrufen unter +49 0 211 99346512\"\n    >\n      +49 (0) 211 99346512\n    <\/a>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__item novu-cta-phone-row__item--ch\">\n\n    <div\n      class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__flag novu-cta-phone-row__flag--ch\"\n      role=\"img\"\n      aria-label=\"Schweiz\"\n    ><\/div>\n\n    <a\n      class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__number\"\n      href=\"tel:+41788911111\"\n      aria-label=\"NOVUSTAT Schweiz anrufen unter +41 0 78 89 11111\"\n    >\n      +41 (0) 78 89 11111\n    <\/a>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__item novu-cta-phone-row__item--us\">\n\n    <div\n      class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__flag\" style=\"background:none;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:24px;line-height:1;\"\n      role=\"img\"\n      aria-label=\"United States\"\n    ><img class=\"novu-glossary-us-flag-png novu-us-flag\" src=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/novustat-united-states-flag.png\" alt=\"United States\" width=\"36\" height=\"24\" decoding=\"async\"><\/div>\n\n    <a\n      class=\"novu-cta-phone-row__number\"\n      href=\"tel:+18885233685\"\n      aria-label=\"Call NOVUSTAT USA at +1 888 5233685\"\n    >\n      +1 (888) 5233685\n    <\/a>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d819abe novu-gdpr-badge-widget elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d819abe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/DSGVO-konform-Badge-NOVUSTAT_ergebnis-e1781089815189.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-37907\" alt=\"GDPR-compliant trust element on the NOVUSTAT website\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial is a clinical trial method that aims to show that two treatments can be considered equivalent in terms of a continuous outcome. Continuous results such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels or pain scale scores are precisely recorded on a scale. Novustat is your experienced partner and advises you on all [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"parent":19740,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-glossar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19752","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial - Statistik Service<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use a continuous outcome equivalence trial to determine whether two treatments are equivalent in terms of a continuous measure, such as pain reduction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/novustat.com\/en\/statistics-glossary\/continuous-outcome-equivalence-trial.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Continuous Outcome Equivalence Trial - 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